To make sound, you need:
source
preamp
power amp
speakers
The packaging is your choice: you could go with a an all-in-one unit like the old Fisher in my parents livingroom: turntable, cassette deck and tuner built in; or you could go with all separates or anything in between.
A preamp can be as simple as a volume control, but most preamps include facilities for input selection, balance control, tone controls, tape loops and filters. Most vintage preamps also contain a phono preamp stage.
A power amp is simply that, most are not designed with any controls at all, although some have gain control(s) to level match the channels and to match the amp's input sensitivity to the preamp's output. Generally these are tiny knobs on the back of the unit and were not designed to be used as everyday volume control(s). The power amp section of your receiver is exactly the same as a separate power amp.
An integrated amp contains both a preamp and a power amp.
A receiver contains a tuner, a preamp and a power amp.
You can mix and match all day long. Any integrated amp or receiver with preamp outputs (PRE-OUT) and/or power amp inputs (MAIN-IN) allows you to use either the preamp, or the power amp, or both. Any preamp can drive any power amp (okay, there are some exceptions but generally this is true).